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You can use modifiers to alter a type. short is a modifier that can reduce the total number of values a variable can hold. long is a modifier that can increase the total number of values a variable can hold. short may decrease the storage space required for a variable while long may increase it. short and long can modify int. long can also modify double.
signed and unsigned are modifiers that work only with integer types. signed means that a variable can store both positive and negative values, while unsigned means that a variable can store only positive values. Neither signed nor unsigned change the total number of values a variable can hold; they only change the range of values. signed is the default for integer types.
Okay, confused with all of your type options? Well, don’t be. Table 1.1 summarizes commonly used types with some modifiers thrown in. The table also provides a range of values for each.
Tra p
The range of values listed is based on my compiler. Yours might be different. Check your compiler’s documentation.
Hi n t
For brevity’s sake, short int can be written as just short and long int can be written as just
long.
256 character values
true or false
38 (seven significant digits)
308 (15 significant digits)
308 (15 significant digits)
3.4E þ/
1.7E þ/
1.7E þ/
32,768 to 32,767
0 to 65,535
2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
0 to 4,294,967,295
2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
0 to 4,294,967,295
short int
unsigned short int int
unsigned int long int
unsigned long int float
double
long double char
bool
Table 1.1 Commonly Used Types
Type Values
Declaring and Initializing Variables 19